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The Popes: St. Peter-Presnt.(Chron./Detail) (5)

Ret. to Pope List (Chron., Detailed) | The Popes | Vatican View

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The Popes: From St. Peter to Present (Cont.)

Sources: Various  |  Last update: 5/31/05

Important Notice: Not an official listing. May include approximations. We make no guarantees regarding any item herein. Use of site is subject to our terms of use. For more terms information, see below and click here


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9th Century

Supreme Pontiff

Detail 

(dates*, ages, prior name, feast, comment/attributes, etc.)

98. Stephen V (IV)

Birth Date: N/A

Beginning of Reign: June 22, 816

End of Reign: January 24, 817

Date of Death: January 24, 817

Approx. Age at Beginning of Reign: N/A

Lived to Approx. Age: N/A

Approx. Length of Reign: Approx. 7 months

Prior Name (if different):

Feast Day (if applicable): N/A

 

Anointed and crowned the emperor. Renewed the alliance with the empire.

99. St. Pascal (Paschal) I

Birth Date: N/A

Beginning of Reign: January 24/25, 817

End of Reign: February 11, 824

Date of Death: February 11, 824

Approx. Age at Beginning of Reign: N/A

Lived to Approx. Age: N/A

Approx. Length of Reign: Just over 7 years

Prior Name (if different):

Feast Day (if applicable): May 14

 

Anointed Lothar (the emperor's son). Fought iconoclasm. Was an active builder and restorer of churches.

100. Eugenius (Eugene) II

Birth Date: N/A

Beginning of Reign: 824

End of Reign: August 827

Date of Death: August 827

Approx. Age at Beginning of Reign: N/A

Lived to Approx. Age: N/A

Approx. Length of Reign: Approx. 3 years

Prior Name (if different):

Feast Day (if applicable): N/A

 

Asserted independence of the papacy in spiritual matters. Issued disciplinary canons (dealing with marriage, simony, education, etc.). Credited with resisting iconoclasm.

101. Valentine

Birth Date: N/A

Beginning of Reign: August 827

End of Reign: September 827

Date of Death: September 827

Approx. Age at Beginning of Reign: N/A

Lived to Approx. Age: N/A

Approx. Length of Reign: Approx. 1 month

Prior Name (if different):

Feast Day (if applicable): N/A

 

Considered a virtuous man, he was elected unanimously, but he died shortly thereafter.

102. Gregory IV

Birth Date: N/A

Beginning of Reign: late 827

End of Reign: January 844

Date of Death: January 844

Approx. Age at Beginning of Reign: N/A

Lived to Approx. Age: N/A

Approx. Length of Reign: Approx. 16 years

Prior Name (if different):

Feast Day (if applicable): N/A

 

Was tangled up in the quarrels of the temporal rulers. Built extensively, including a fortress (Gregoriopolis). Promoted the adoption of Roman liturgical uses.

103. Sergius II

Birth Date: N/A

Beginning of Reign: January 844

End of Reign: January 27, 847

Date of Death: January 27, 847

Approx. Age at Beginning of Reign: "elderly"

Lived to Approx. Age: "old age"

Approx. Length of Reign: Approx. 3 years

Prior Name (if different):

Feast Day (if applicable): N/A

 

Displeased the emperor by failing to honor the agreement concerning the consecration of a new pope. As a result, his army pillaged papal territories and he was subjected to investigation. Sergius eventually crowned the king that was sent. Has been criticized for his brother Benedict's poor administration (his assistance was necessitated by the pope's ill health). He made improvements to churches and aqueducts, but suffered the Muslim plundering of St. Peter's and St. Paul's outside the walls.

104. St. Leo IV

Birth Date: N/A

Beginning of Reign: April 10, 847

End of Reign: July 17, 855

Date of Death: July 17, 855

Approx. Age at Beginning of Reign: N/A

Lived to Approx. Age: N/A

Approx. Length of Reign: Over 8 years

Prior Name (if different):

Feast Day (if applicable): July 17

 

Did much building and restoring, including construction of the 'Leonine city' to protect St. Peter's. Made other provisions for Rome's defense. Defended papal rights, restored Church disciple, performed miracles, and instituted the observance of the octave of the Assumption.

105. Benedict III

Birth Date: N/A

Beginning of Reign: September 29, 855

End of Reign: April 17, 858

Date of Death: April 17, 858

Approx. Age at Beginning of Reign: N/A

Lived to Approx. Age: N/A

Approx. Length of Reign: Approx. 2.5 years

Prior Name (if different):

Feast Day (if applicable): N/A

 

After a difficult beginning (including imprisonment), he was consecrated pope. Secured peace among the emperor's sons. Did much restoration.

106. St. Nicholas I

Birth Date: c. 820

Beginning of Reign: April 24, 858

End of Reign: November 13, 867

Date of Death: November 13, 867

Approx. Age at Beginning of Reign: 38

Lived to Approx. Age: 47

Approx. Length of Reign: Approx. 9.5 years

Prior Name (if different):

Feast Day (if applicable): November 13

 

Maintained and boldly asserted his papal primacy. Remained firm against repeated attempts at coercion. Defended the sanctity of marriage. Encouraged missionary work. The schism between the East and West may be dated from his pontificate. He is often called St. Nicholas "the Great".

107. Adrian (Hadrian) II

Birth Date: c. 792

Beginning of Reign: December 14, 867

End of Reign: Nov./Dec. 872

Date of Death: Nov./Dec. 872

Approx. Age at Beginning of Reign: 75

Lived to Approx. Age: 80

Approx. Length of Reign: Approx. 5 years

Prior Name (if different):

Feast Day (if applicable): N/A

 

He was related to two previous popes and had twice refused the papacy himself. The beginning of his pontificate was marked by the pillaging of Rome. He is sometimes accused of weakness in not firmly upholding an action of St. Nicholas. He did, however, re-crown the emperor and support important missionary works which kept various Slovak peoples as part of the Western Church.

108. John VIII

Birth Date: N/A

Beginning of Reign: December 14, 872

End of Reign: December 16, 882

Date of Death: December 16, 882

Approx. Age at Beginning of Reign: N/A

Lived to Approx. Age: "old age"

Approx. Length of Reign: Just over 10 years

Prior Name (if different):

Feast Day (if applicable): N/A

 

Fortified Rome in response to the Arab threat. Was opposed by Formosus (whom he excommunicated). Considered an arbiter of the imperial office. Defended the sanctity of marriage. It has been claimed that he was the first assassinated pope.

109. Marinus I (Martin II, Martinus II)

Birth Date: N/A

Beginning of Reign: December 16, 882

End of Reign: May 15, 884

Date of Death: May 15, 884

Approx. Age at Beginning of Reign: N/A

Lived to Approx. Age: N/A

Approx. Length of Reign: Approx. 17 months

Prior Name (if different):

Feast Day (if applicable): N/A

 

Pardoned bishops condemned by John VIII. Settled a dispute over a newly founded monastery. Maintained good relations with England.

110. St. Adrian (Hadrian) III

Birth Date: N/A

Beginning of Reign: May 17, 884

End of Reign: September 885

Date of Death: September 885

Approx. Age at Beginning of Reign: N/A

Lived to Approx. Age: N/A

Approx. Length of Reign: Approx. 16 months

Prior Name (if different):

Feast Day (if applicable): July 8

 

His short papacy saw continued feuds over the supposed assassination of John VIII. It has been alleged that the pope ordered the blinding of an enemy of John VIII. Is suspected that he may have been murdered.

111. Stephen VI (V)

Birth Date: N/A

Beginning of Reign: September 885

End of Reign: September 14, 891

Date of Death: September 14, 891

Approx. Age at Beginning of Reign: N/A

Lived to Approx. Age: N/A

Approx. Length of Reign: Approx. 6 years

Prior Name (if different):

Feast Day (if applicable): N/A

 

He was known for holiness. During his papacy, he suffered famine, restored the Lateran, opposed the Slavic liturgy, and desperately sought (and finally received) military protection.

112. Formosus

Birth Date: c. 815

Beginning of Reign: October 6, 891

End of Reign: April 4, 896

Date of Death: April 4, 896

Approx. Age at Beginning of Reign: 76

Lived to Approx. Age: 81

Approx. Length of Reign: Approx. 4.5 years

Prior Name (if different):

Feast Day (if applicable): N/A

 

Before his reign, he was known for missionary activity, intelligence, and asceticism. He had assisted various popes, however at one point he was opposed by pope John VIII and was exiled by him. Once pope, he faced political problems. After his death, his body was exhumed by Steven VI (VIII) and put on trial.

113. Boniface VI

Birth Date: N/A

Beginning of Reign: April 896

End of Reign: April 896

Date of Death: April 896

Approx. Age at Beginning of Reign: N/A

Lived to Approx. Age: N/A

Approx. Length of Reign: Approx. 15 days

Prior Name (if different):

Feast Day (if applicable): N/A

 

It is believed that his election was forced through and that he had been twice degraded for immorality. He died shortly after election.

114. Stephen VII (VI)

Birth Date: N/A

Beginning of Reign: May 896

End of Reign: August 897

Date of Death: August 897

Approx. Age at Beginning of Reign: N/A

Lived to Approx. Age: N/A

Approx. Length of Reign: Approx. 15 months

Prior Name (if different):

Feast Day (if applicable): N/A

 

Known for putting the deceased pope Formosus on trial (his body was exhumed, dressed in papal vestments, condemned, violated, and thrown in the Tiber) and annulling all his acts. Stephen was later thrown into prison where he was killed. [Note: Infallibility is not involved here as this is not a doctrinal matter.]

115. Romanus

Birth Date: N/A

Beginning of Reign: August 897

End of Reign: November 897

Date of Death: N/A

Approx. Age at Beginning of Reign: N/A

Lived to Approx. Age: N/A

Approx. Length of Reign: Approx. 3 months

Prior Name (if different):

Feast Day (if applicable): N/A

 

Although he was held to be a virtuous man, it is believed that he was deposed and confined to a monastery. He is said to have had Formosus' body reburied (it had been retrieved by a monk).

116. Theodore II

Birth Date: N/A

Beginning of Reign: November/December 897

End of Reign: November/December 897

Date of Death: November/December 897

Approx. Age at Beginning of Reign: N/A

Lived to Approx. Age: N/A

Approx. Length of Reign: Approx. 20 days

Prior Name (if different):

Feast Day (if applicable): N/A

 

He overturned Stephen VII's (VI's) actions concerning pope Formosus, declaring Formosus' acts valid, and returned Formosus' body to St. Peter's. He died in less than three weeks.

117. John IX

Birth Date: N/A

Beginning of Reign: January 898

End of Reign: January 900

Date of Death: January 900

Approx. Age at Beginning of Reign: N/A

Lived to Approx. Age: N/A

Approx. Length of Reign: Approx. 2 years

Prior Name (if different):

Feast Day (if applicable): N/A

 

Once again, Stephen VII's (VI's) actions concerning pope Formosus were condemned and future trials of dead persons were prohibited. John restored degraded clerics and ordered an end to the plundering of the papal palace upon the death a pope.

Top | The Popes

10th Century

Supreme Pontiff

Detail 

(dates*, ages, prior name, feast, comment/attributes, etc.)

118. Benedict IV

Birth Date: N/A

Beginning of Reign: May/June 900

End of Reign: July/August 903

Date of Death: July/August 903

Approx. Age at Beginning of Reign: N/A

Lived to Approx. Age: N/A

Approx. Length of Reign: Approx. 3 years

Prior Name (if different):

Feast Day (if applicable): N/A

 

Confirmed acts of Formosus and of John IX, crowned the emperor, saw Rome return to anarchy

119. Leo V

Birth Date: N/A

Beginning of Reign: August 903

End of Reign: September 903

Date of Death: early 904

Approx. Age at Beginning of Reign: N/A

Lived to Approx. Age: N/A

Approx. Length of Reign: Approx. 1 month

Prior Name (if different):

Feast Day (if applicable): N/A

 

His papacy lasted only about a month before he was overthrown and sent to prison. He was killed shortly thereafter. He is believed to have been a virtuous man.

120. Sergius III

Birth Date: N/A

Beginning of Reign: January 29, 904

End of Reign: April 14, 911

Date of Death: April 14, 911

Approx. Age at Beginning of Reign: 50's

Lived to Approx. Age: 60's

Approx. Length of Reign: Over 7 years

Prior Name (if different):

Feast Day (if applicable): N/A

 

During his papacy, Rome suffered from attacks, robberies, and the decline of religious life. In one of the darkest hours of the papacy, Sergius is said to have had Leo killed, reaffirmed the posthumous trial of Formosus, and is alleged to have had a son by a fifteen year-old mistress and relative of Theodora (the child would later become pope John XI). The papacy also suffered from the control of Theophylact and Theodora. [Note: Infallibility is not involved here as these are not doctrinal matters.]

121. Anastasius III

Birth Date: N/A

Beginning of Reign: c. June 911

End of Reign: c. August 913

Date of Death: c. August 913

Approx. Age at Beginning of Reign: N/A

Lived to Approx. Age: N/A

Approx. Length of Reign: Approx. 2 years

Prior Name (if different):

Feast Day (if applicable): N/A

 

During his reign, the papacy was effectively controlled by the unscrupulous Theophylact and Theodora and Anastasius is believed to have exercised little independent authority.

122. Lando (Landus)

Birth Date: N/A

Beginning of Reign: c. August 913

End of Reign: c. March 914

Date of Death: c. March 914

Approx. Age at Beginning of Reign: N/A

Lived to Approx. Age: N/A

Approx. Length of Reign: Under 1 year

Prior Name (if different):

Feast Day (if applicable): N/A

 

The papacy was still effectively controlled by the unscrupulous Theophylact and Theodora during his reign and they are believed to be behind his election. Little is known of his papacy.

123. John X

Birth Date: N/A

Beginning of Reign: March/April 914

End of Reign: May 928

Date of Death: 929

Approx. Age at Beginning of Reign: N/A

Lived to Approx. Age: N/A

Approx. Length of Reign: Over 14 years

Prior Name (if different):

Feast Day (if applicable): N/A

 

Much military and political activity occurred during his papacy. He is credited with completing the restoration of the Lateran, enhancing the prestige of the papacy, and restoring peace with the East. He has also been charged with making some decisions based on expediency (i.e. confirming a count's five year old son's election to the archbishopric in exchange for the release of the king). His determination of remaining independent is said to have upset the ruler (Theophylact's ruthless daughter Marozia) and is believed to have resulted in his being deposed, and ultimately killed.

124. Leo VI

Birth Date: N/A

Beginning of Reign: May 928

End of Reign: December 928

Date of Death: December 928

Approx. Age at Beginning of Reign: "elderly"

Lived to Approx. Age: "old age"

Approx. Length of Reign: Approx. 7 months

Prior Name (if different):

Feast Day (if applicable): N/A

 

Believed to have been elevated to the papacy by the ruthless Marozia and restricted in action, he died after a short time.

125. Stephen VIII (VII)

Birth Date: N/A

Beginning of Reign: December 928

End of Reign: February 931

Date of Death: February 931

Approx. Age at Beginning of Reign: N/A

Lived to Approx. Age: N/A

Approx. Length of Reign: Over 2 years

Prior Name (if different):

Feast Day (if applicable): N/A

 

Like Leo VI, he is believed to have been elevated to the papacy by the ruthless Marozia and restricted in action. He extended privileges to religious houses.

126. John XI

Birth Date: c. 905

Beginning of Reign: February/March, 931

End of Reign: December 935 /January 936

Date of Death: December 935 /January 936

Approx. Age at Beginning of Reign: 26

Lived to Approx. Age: 30

Approx. Length of Reign: Under 5 years

Prior Name (if different):

Feast Day (if applicable): N/A

 

Alleged to be the son of pope Sergius III and the ruthless Marozia, the young John XI is believed to have been controlled by his mother. During his pontificate, a sixteen year old was consecrated as Patriarch of Constantinople. His brother took over the city and John XI may have been imprisoned in the Lateran.

127. Leo VII

Birth Date: N/A

Beginning of Reign: January 3, 936

End of Reign: July 13, 939

Date of Death: July 13, 939

Approx. Age at Beginning of Reign: N/A

Lived to Approx. Age: N/A

Approx. Length of Reign: Approx. 3.5 years

Prior Name (if different):

Feast Day (if applicable): N/A

 

Thought to have been a monk, he negotiated peace and banned superstitious practices. He forbade the forced conversion of Jews but did not forbid their expulsion. Enjoyed a reputation for sanctity.

128. Stephen IX (VIII)

Birth Date: N/A

Beginning of Reign: July 14, 939

End of Reign: October 942

Date of Death: October 942

Approx. Age at Beginning of Reign: N/A

Lived to Approx. Age: N/A

Approx. Length of Reign: Over 3 years

Prior Name (if different):

Feast Day (if applicable): N/A

 

Backed the King of France against a planned rebellion. He is believed to have been elevated to the papacy by the ruler of Rome, Alberic. Stephen IX (VIII) may have eventually angered Alberic and is thought to have been imprisoned on his orders (dying there due to injuries).

129. Marinus II (Martin III, Martinus III)

Birth Date: N/A

Beginning of Reign: October 30, 942

End of Reign: May 946

Date of Death: May 946

Approx. Age at Beginning of Reign: N/A

Lived to Approx. Age: N/A

Approx. Length of Reign: Approx. 3.5 years

Prior Name (if different):

Feast Day (if applicable): N/A

 

Supported monasteries. Charged with never acting without the sovereign ruler's (Alberic's) permission.

130. Agapitus (Agapetus) II

Birth Date: N/A

Beginning of Reign: May 10, 946

End of Reign: December 955

Date of Death: December 955

Approx. Age at Beginning of Reign: N/A

Lived to Approx. Age: N/A

Approx. Length of Reign: Approx. 9.5 years

Prior Name (if different):

Feast Day (if applicable): N/A

 

Supported monastic reforms. The term of his papacy is credited with increasing prestige for the Bishopric of Rome. However, he was forced to promise the ruler (on his deathbed) to ensure the ruler's immoral son would succeed him as pope.

131. John XII

Birth Date: c. 937

Beginning of Reign: December 16, 955

End of Reign: May 14, 964

Date of Death: May 14, 964

Approx. Age at Beginning of Reign: 18

Lived to Approx. Age: 27

Approx. Length of Reign: Nearly 8.5 years

Prior Name (if different): Octavian

Feast Day (if applicable): N/A

 

The illegitimate son of the temporal rule Alberic was made pope due to his father's deathbed order. Despite his scandalous reputation and prohibition against discussing a successor before a pope dies, the young man became pope at age 18. It is said that he seized every opportunity of exercising papal authority. Due to the circumstances he faced, he crowned Otto and is therefore credited with reinaugurating the Holy Roman Empire (lasting until the 1800's). He is accused of turning the Lateran Palace into a brothel, plotting with the emperor's enemies, fleeing with the papal treasury, etc. There was a questionable attempt to depose him, but he was able to reestablish his position until he died soon thereafter (believed to be in connection with an adulterous encounter).

132. Leo VIII

Birth Date: N/A

Beginning of Reign: December 4/6, 963

End of Reign: March 1, 965

Date of Death: March 1, 965

Approx. Age at Beginning of Reign: N/A

Lived to Approx. Age: N/A

Approx. Length of Reign: Approx. 15 months

Prior Name (if different):

Feast Day (if applicable): N/A

 

Was chosen pope when John XII was questionably deposed. He had been a layman at the time. He was again declared pope after John XII's death. The validity of his pontificate has been questioned.

133. Benedict V

Birth Date: N/A

Beginning of Reign: May 22, 964

End of Reign: June 23 964

Date of Death: July 4, 966

Approx. Age at Beginning of Reign: N/A

Lived to Approx. Age: N/A

Approx. Length of Reign: Approx. 1 month

Prior Name (if different):

Feast Day (if applicable): N/A

 

Known for holiness, he was chosen pope instead of Leo VIII (as the emperor had wanted). The emperor later laid siege to the city and placed Leo back on the papal throne. Benedict was deposed on 6/23/964. It is argued that if Leo VIII was a legitimate pope, then Benedict should be reckoned an antipope.

134. John XIII

Birth Date: N/A

Beginning of Reign: October 1, 965

End of Reign: September 6, 972

Date of Death: September 6, 972

Approx. Age at Beginning of Reign: N/A

Lived to Approx. Age: N/A

Approx. Length of Reign: Nearly 7 years

Prior Name (if different):

Feast Day (if applicable): N/A

 

The pope was imprisoned and exiled by the Romans. He later escaped and returned to Rome where he was welcomed back. The emperor exacted vengeance on the Romans for their actions against the pope. John promoted clerical celibacy, crowned the emperor's son, and married him (the emperor's son) to a pious princess.

135. Benedict VI

Birth Date: N/A

Beginning of Reign: January 19, 973

End of Reign: c. July 974

Date of Death: c. July 974

Approx. Age at Beginning of Reign: N/A

Lived to Approx. Age: N/A

Approx. Length of Reign: Over 1 year

Prior Name (if different):

Feast Day (if applicable): N/A

 

Supported monastic reform. He was opposed by the powerful Crescentii family (related to the Theophylact family that previously dominated the papacy) and was imprisoned and killed.

136. Benedict VII

Birth Date: N/A

Beginning of Reign: October 974

End of Reign: July 10, 983

Date of Death: July 10, 983

Approx. Age at Beginning of Reign: N/A

Lived to Approx. Age: N/A

Approx. Length of Reign: Almost 9 years

Prior Name (if different):

Feast Day (if applicable): N/A

 

Possibly a member of the Crescentii family. Excommunicated the antipope Boniface VII, condemned simony, promoted monasticism, and assisted persecuted Christians.

137. John XIV

Birth Date: N/A

Beginning of Reign: December 983

End of Reign: August 20, 984

Date of Death: August 20, 984

Approx. Age at Beginning of Reign: N/A

Lived to Approx. Age: N/A

Approx. Length of Reign: Approx. 8 months

Prior Name (if different): Peter Canepanova

Feast Day (if applicable): N/A

 

Changed his name in honor of the first pope. After the death of the emperor, he was vulnerable. He was ultimately overthrown, assaulted, imprisoned, and died (possibly of starvation or poisoning)

138. John XV

Birth Date: N/A

Beginning of Reign: August 985

End of Reign: March 996

Date of Death: March 996

Approx. Age at Beginning of Reign: N/A

Lived to Approx. Age: N/A

Approx. Length of Reign: Approx. 10.5 years

Prior Name (if different):

Feast Day (if applicable): N/A

 

Secured peace between the King of England & Duke of Normandy and officially canonized St. Ulrich (the first formal canonization by a pope). At one point he was forced out of Rome.

139. Gregory V

Birth Date: c. 972

Beginning of Reign: May 3, 996

End of Reign: February 18, 999

Date of Death: February 18, 999

Approx. Age at Beginning of Reign: 24

Lived to Approx. Age: 27

Approx. Length of Reign: Nearly 3 years

Prior Name (if different): Bruno

Feast Day (if applicable): N/A

 

First German pope and relative of the emperor. Condemned simony. Was at one point driven out of Rome.

140. Silvester (Sylvester) II

Birth Date: c. 945

Beginning of Reign: April 2, 999

End of Reign: May 12, 1003

Date of Death: May 12, 1003

Approx. Age at Beginning of Reign: 54

Lived to Approx. Age: 58

Approx. Length of Reign: Over 4 years

Prior Name (if different): Gerbert

Feast Day (if applicable): N/A

 

Scholar and first French pope. He invented the pendulum clock. As pope, he enforced celibacy, and denounced nepotism and simony. He was at one point driven out of Rome. He is considered a unifier and a bridge builder.

Top | The Popes

* All dates A.D.

Continued on Next Page


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