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Seminaries
/ Seminarians / Training / Formation |
"[A]ll
priests are to look on the seminary as the heart of the diocese
and are to offer willingly their own helpful service."
(Second Vatican Council)
"For
seminarians, the interior life is the most efficacious means of
acquiring the priestly virtues, of overcoming difficulties and
carrying out salutary resolutions." (Pope Pius XII, "Menti
Nostrae", 1950 A.D.)
"[S]pare no pains in giving an exemplary training to those
who seem to have a vocation to the priesthood, for they are
destined - agreeably to their office - to be the dispensers of Divine
grace." (Pope Pius XI, "Ad Salutem", 1930 A.D.)
"Moreover
[seminarians] are to acquire a knowledge of Latin which will
enable them to understand and make use of the sources of so many
sciences and of the documents of the Church." (Second Vatican
Council)
"The
state of the priesthood is thus most sublime, and the gifts it
calls for very lofty. Hence, Venerable Brethren, the inescapable
necessity of giving candidates for the sanctuary a training
correspondingly superior." (Pope Pius XI, "Ad Catholici
Sacerdotii", 1935 A.D.)
"This
achievement in the erection and management of Seminaries for the
education of future priests deserves all praise. But it would be
of little avail, were there any lack of care in the selecting and
approving of candidates." (Pope Pius XI, "Ad Catholici
Sacerdotii", 1935 A.D.)
"Those
who contribute generously to the education of students for the
priesthood receive great rewards, for they could not possibly do
anything greater than offer a good priest to God. No one on this
Earth can give God as much glory as a devout priest."
(Fr. O'Sullivan)
"Can.
249 The program of priestly formation is to provide that the
students are not only taught their native language accurately, but
are also well versed in Latin, and have a suitable knowledge of
other languages which would appear to be necessary or useful for
their formation or for the exercise of their pastoral
ministry." (1983 Code of Canon Law)
"[A]
long and happy experience shows that candidates for the priesthood
derive very great profit when they are educated here close to the
See of Peter, where the source of faith is purest, where so many
monuments of Christian antiquity and so many traces of the Saints
incite generous hearts to magnanimous enterprises." (Pope
Pius XII, "Sertum Laetitiae", 1939 A.D.)
"[T]he
Church down the ages has shown for nothing a more tender
solicitude and motherly care than for the training of her priests.
She is not unaware that, as the religious and moral conditions of
peoples depend in great measure upon their priests, so too, the
future of the priest depends on the training he has
received." (Pope Pius XI, "Ad Catholici
Sacerdotii", 1935 A.D.)
"Can.
240 §1 In addition to ordinary confessors, other confessors are
to come regularly to the seminary. Without prejudice to the
discipline of the seminary, students are always free to approach
any confessor, whether in the seminary or outside it. §2 When
decisions are made about admitting students to orders or
dismissing them from the seminary, the opinion of the spiritual
director and confessors can never be sought." (1983 Code of
Canon Law)
"You
know that suitable ministers can only come from clergy who are
very well trained, and that the proper training greatly influences
the whole future life of clerics. Therefore, continually strive to
ensure that young clerics are properly molded even from their
earliest years. They should be molded not only in piety and real
virtue, but also in literature and the stricter disciplines,
especially the sacred ones." (Pope Pius IX, "Qui
Pluribus", 1846 A.D.)
"In
a word, then: Jerome's teaching on the superexcellence and truth
of Scripture is Christ's teaching. Wherefore we exhort all the
Church's children, and especially those whose duty it is to teach
in seminaries, to follow closely in St. Jerome's footsteps. If
they will but do so they will learn to prize as he prized the
treasure of the Scriptures, and will derive from them most
abundant and blessed fruit." (Pope Benedict XV, "Spiritus
Paraclitus", 1920 A.D.)
"It
is necessary that young men acquire the spirit of obedience by
accustoming themselves to submit their own will sincerely to that
of God manifested through the legitimate authority of the
superiors. Nothing can be lamented more in the conduct of the
future priest than that it is not in conformity with the Will of
God. This obedience must always be inspired by the perfect model,
the Divine Teacher Who on earth had but one single program 'to do
thy will, O God'." (Pope Pius XII, "Menti Nostrae",
1950 A.D.)
"Can.
235 §1 Young men who intend to enter the priesthood are to be
provided with a suitable spiritual formation and prepared for
their proper duties in a major seminary throughout the entire time
of formation or, if in the judgment of the diocesan bishop
circumstances demand it, for at least four years. §2 The diocesan
bishop is to entrust those who legitimately reside outside a
seminary to a devout and suitable priest who is to be watchful
that they are carefully formed in the spiritual life and in
discipline." (1983 Code of Canon Law)
"It
is, therefore, of the greatest importance that in order to render
the pupils of the sanctuary living images of Jesus Christ (which
is the end of ecclesiastical education), that the directors and
teachers should unite to the diligent fulfillment of their office
the example of a truly priestly life. The exemplary conduct of
those in authority is, especially to young men, the most eloquent
and persuasive language to inspire in their souls the conviction
of their own duties and the love of virtue." (Pope Leo XIII,
"Fin Dal Principio", 1902 A.D.)
"No
means must be neglected that are in your power. All the resources
of speech, every expedient in action, all the immense treasures of
help and grace which the Church places in your hands, must be made
use of, for the formation of a clergy learned and full of the
spirit of Jesus Christ, for the Christian education of youth, for
the extirpation of evil doctrines, for the defense of Catholic
truths, and for the maintenance of the Christian character and
spirit of family life." (Pope Leo XIII, "Dall'alto
Dell'apostolico Seggio", 1890 A.D.)
"If
one considers all this well, he will easily see why the Church
demands that future priests be instructed in philosophy 'according
to the method, doctrine, and principles of the Angelic Doctor,'
since, as we well know from the experience of centuries, the
method of Aquinas is singularly preeminent both for teaching
students and for bringing truth to light; his doctrine is in
harmony with Divine Revelation, and is most effective both for
safeguarding the foundation of the faith and for reaping, safely
and usefully, the fruits of sound progress." (Pope Pius XII,
"Humani Generis", 1950 A.D.)
"Can.
237 §1 Where it is possible and advisable, each diocese is to
have a major seminary; otherwise, students preparing for the
sacred ministries are to be sent to the seminary of another
diocese, or an inter-diocesan seminary is to be established. §2
An inter-diocesan seminary may not be established unless the prior
approval of the Apostolic See has been obtained, both for the
establishment of the seminary and for its statutes. Approval is
also required from the Episcopal Conference if the seminary is for
the whole of its territory; otherwise, from the Bishops
concerned." (1983 Code of Canon Law)
"From
the seminary on, the future priest must learn to give filial and
sincere obedience to his superiors in order to be always ready
later on to obey his Bishop docilely according to the teaching of
the invincible Athlete of Christ, Ignatius of Antioch: 'Obey ye
all the bishop as Jesus Christ obeyed the Father'. 'He who honors
the bishop is honored by God'. 'He who does anything without the
Bishop's knowledge, serves the devil'. 'Do nothing without the
bishop, keep your body like the temple of God, love union, flee
discord, be an imitator of Jesus Christ as He was an imitator of
His Father'." (Pope Pius XII, "Menti Nostrae", 1950
A.D.)
"Can.
253 §1 The Bishop or the Bishops concerned are to appoint as
teachers in philosophical, theological and juridical subjects only
those who are of outstanding virtue and have a doctorate or a
licentiate from a university or faculty recognized by the Holy
See. §2 Care is to be taken that different professors are
appointed for sacred Scripture, dogmatic theology, moral theology,
liturgy, philosophy, canon law and church history, and for other
disciplines which are to be taught by their own distinctive
methods." (1983 Code
of Canon Law)
"Carefully
investigate the directors given charge of boys and young men in
seminaries and colleges, and the courses they are to follow, the
teachers chosen for secondary schools, and the schools which are
to be run. Keep out the ravening wolves...and expel them if
necessary by the way they entered. Eliminate them at once
'according to the power which the Lord gave you for edification.'
We must use to the full this power to eradicate this very serious
threat... This course is required for the safety of
Church, state, leaders, and all human beings; their safety should
be dearer and more important to Us than Our own life." (Pope
Pius VII, "Diu Satis", 1800 A.D.)
"To
return, however, to the question of the formation of Biblical
students. We must lay the foundations in piety and humility of
mind; only when we have done that does St. Jerome invite us to
study the Bible. In the first place, he insists, in season and
out, on daily reading of the text. 'Provided,' he says, 'our
bodies are not the slaves of sin, wisdom will come to us; but
exercise your mind, feed it daily with Holy Scripture.' And again:
'We have got, then, to read Holy Scripture assiduously; we have
got to meditate on the Law of God day and night so that, as expert
money-changers, we may be able to detect false coin from
true.'" (Pope Benedict XV, "Spiritus Paraclitus",
1920 A.D.)
"If
the education of all youth in general contributes a great deal to
the true welfare of the state, this is much more true of the
education of those aiming at ordination. To this matter you must
give special attention; it should occupy the greater portion of
your vigils and labors, since the youths destined for orders are
the hope and, as it were, the incomplete form of future priests.
You surely know how much the reputation of the Church and the
eternal salvation of her people depend on priests. - In the
education of clerics, two elements are absolutely necessary:
learning for the development of the mind and virtue for the
perfection of the spirit." (Pope Leo XIII, "Quod Multum",
1886 A.D.)
"Each
one of you knows very well how eager the Church is, especially in
these hard times, to have suitable servants, who come only from
well-trained clerics. Therefore devote all your care, thoughts,
and diligent study to this, that the young clergy, even from their
earliest years, are trained in all piety, virtue, and
ecclesiastical spirit, and that they are carefully taught
literature and the more serious disciplines, especially the sacred
ones, free entirely from every danger of profane innovations and
error. Then resplendent with the raiment of all the virtues and
armed with salutary and solid doctrine, they may in time be able
to teach the Christian people by word and example and to refute
those who contradict them." (Pope Pius IX, "Nemo Certe
Ignorat", 1852 A.D.)
"[W]atch
the seminaries more diligently. The fathers of Trent made you
responsible for their administration. From them must come
forth men well instructed both in Christian and ecclesiastical
discipline and in the principles of sound doctrine. Such men may
then distinguish themselves for their piety and their teaching.
Thus, their ministry will be a witness, even to those outside the
Church and they will be able to refute those who have strayed from
the path of justice. Be very careful in choosing the seminarians
since the salvation of the people principally depends on good
pastors. Nothing contributes more to the ruin of souls than
impious, weak, or uninformed clerics." (Pope Pius VIII,
"Traditi Humilitati", 1829 A.D.)
"Can.
241 §1 A diocesan bishop is to admit to a major seminary only
those who are judged qualified to dedicate themselves permanently
to the sacred ministries; he is to consider their human, moral,
spiritual, and intellectual qualities, their physical and psychic
health, and their correct intention. §2 Before they are accepted,
they must submit documents of the reception of baptism and
confirmation and any other things required by the prescripts of
the program of priestly formation. §3 If it concerns admitting
those who were dismissed from another seminary or religious
institute, testimony of the respective superior is also required,
especially concerning the cause for their dismissal or
departure." (1983 Code of Canon Law)
"We
desire very much that those especially who hold the magisteria of
the higher disciplines in the schools of the clergy note carefully
and observe inviolably all the precepts which both Our
predecessors, and first of all Leo XIII and Pius X, have decreed
and We ourselves have ordered last year. Moreover, let them be
convinced that they will then satisfy the demands of their office
and will likewise fulfill Our expectation, if, when they begin
truly to love the Doctor Aquinas, by a long and intensive study of
his works, and by interpreting the Doctor himself, they
communicate the warmth of this love to the students under their
instruction, and render them capable of exciting a similar zeal in
others." (Pope Pius XI, "Studiorum Ducem", 1923 A.D.)
"But inasmuch as St. Thomas has been duly
proclaimed patron of all Catholic schools because he marvelously
combined both forms of wisdom, the rational and the divinely
inspired, because he had recourse to prayer and fasting to solve
the most difficult problems, because he used the image of Christ
crucified in place of all books, let him be a model also for
seminarians, so that they may learn how to pursue their studies to
the best advantage and with the greatest profit to themselves.
Members of religious communities should look upon the life of St.
Thomas as upon a mirror; he refused even the highest dignities
offered to him in order to live in the practice of the most
perfect obedience and to die in the sanctity of his
profession." (Pope Pius XI, "Studiorum Ducem", 1923
A.D.)
"These
and all the other priestly virtues can be easily acquired and
firmly possessed by seminarians if from the beginning they have
acquired and cultivated a sincere and tender devotion to Christ
Jesus present 'truly, really, and substantially' in our midst in
the most august Sacrament, and if they make of Him the inspiration
and the end of all their actions and their aspirations. And, if to
devotion to the Blessed Sacrament they unite filial devotion to
the Most Blessed Virgin Mary, full of trust and abandonment to the
Mother of God and urging the soul to imitate her virtues, then the
Church will be supremely happy, because the fruit of an ardent and
zealous ministry can never be wanting in a priest whose
adolescence has been nourished with the love of Jesus and
Mary." (Pope Pius XII, "Menti Nostrae", 1950 A.D.)
"All
those who aspire to the priesthood, whether in Seminaries or in
religious houses, from their earliest years are to be taught
Gregorian Chant and sacred music. At that age they are able more
easily to learn to sing, and to modify, if not entirely to
overcome, any defects in their voices, which in later years would
be quite incurable. Instruction in music and singing must be begun
in the elementary, and continued in the higher classes. In this
way, those who are about to receive sacred orders, having become
gradually experienced in chant, will be able during their
theological course quite easily to undertake the higher and
'aesthetic' study of plainsong and sacred music, of polyphony and
the organ, concerning which the clergy certainly ought to have a
thorough knowledge." (Pope Pius XI, "Divini Cultus",
1928 A.D.)
"All
the more reason why the young clergy, because they are to be
trained in the spiritual life, in sacerdotal and religious
perfection, must be separated from the tumult of the world before
entering the lists of combat; for long years they must remain in a
Seminary or Scholasticate where they receive a sound and careful
education which provides them with a gradual approach to and a
prudent knowledge of those problems which our times have brought
to the fore, in accordance with the norms which We established in
the Apostolic Exhortation 'Menti Nostrae.' What gardener would
expose young plants, choice indeed but weak, to violent storms in
order that they might give proof of the strength which they have
not yet acquired? Seminarians and scholastics are surely to be
considered like young and weak plants who must still be protected
and gradually trained to resist and to fight." (Pope Pius
XII, "Sacra Virginitas", 1954 A.D.)
"The
discipline of seminary life is to be reckoned not only as a strong
safeguard of community life and of charity but also as a necessary
part of the total whole training formation. For thereby
self-mastery is acquired, solid personal maturity is promoted, and
the other dispositions of mind are developed which very greatly
aid the ordered and fruitful activity of the Church. Seminary
discipline should be so maintained, however, that the students
acquire an internal attitude whereby they accept the authority of
superiors from personal conviction, that is to say, from a motive
of conscience (cf. Rom. 13:5), and for supernatural reasons. The
norms of discipline are to be applied according to the age of the
students so that they themselves, as they gradually learn
self-mastery, may become accustomed to use freedom wisely, to act
spontaneously and energetically, and to work together harmoniously
with their fellows and with the laity." (Second Vatican
Council)
"The
complete education of the candidate for the priesthood should be
directed to help him acquire a tranquil, convinced and free choice
of the grave responsibilities which he must assume in conscience
before God and the Church. Ardor and generosity are marvelous
qualities of youth; illuminated and supported, they merit, along
with the blessing of the Lord, the admiration and confidence of
the whole Church as well as of all men. None of the real personal
and social difficulties which their choice will bring in its train
should remain hidden to the young men, so that their enthusiasm
will not be superficial and illusory. At the same time it will be
right to highlight with at least equal truth and clarity the
sublimity of their choice, which, though it may lead on the one
hand to a certain physical and psychic void, nevertheless on the
other brings with it an interior richness capable of elevating the
person most profoundly." (Pope Paul VI, 1967 A.D.)
"Can.
252 §1 Theological formation, given in the light of faith and
under the guidance of the magisterium, is to be imparted in such a
way that the students learn the whole of Catholic teaching, based
on divine Revelation, that they make it a nourishment of their own
spiritual lives, and that in the exercise of the ministry they may
be able properly to proclaim and defend it. §2 Students are to be
instructed with special care in sacred Scripture, so that they may
acquire an insight into the whole of sacred Scripture. §3
Lectures are to be given in dogmatic theology, based always on the
written word of God and on sacred Tradition; through them the
students are to learn to penetrate more deeply into the mysteries
of salvation, with St. Thomas in particular as their teacher.
Lectures are also to be given in moral and pastoral theology,
canon law, liturgy, ecclesiastical history, and other auxiliary
and special disciplines, in accordance with the provisions of the
program of priestly formation." (1983 Code of Canon Law)
"Can.
246 §1 The celebration of the Eucharist is to be the centre of
the whole life of the seminary, so that the students,
participating in the very charity of Christ, may daily draw
strength of soul for their apostolic labour and for their
spiritual life particularly from this richest of sources. §2 They
are to be formed in the celebration of the liturgy of the hours,
by which the ministers of God, in the name of the Church,
intercede with Him for all the people entrusted to them, and
indeed for the whole world. §3 Devotion to the Blessed Virgin
Mary, including the rosary, mental prayer and other exercises of
piety are to be fostered, so that the students may acquire the
spirit of prayer and be strengthened in their vocation. §4 The
students are to become accustomed to approach the sacrament of
penance frequently. It is recommended that each should have a
director of his spiritual life, freely chosen, to whom he can
trustfully reveal his conscience. §5 Each year the students are
to make a spiritual retreat." (1983 Code of Canon Law)
"Wherefore we again and most earnestly
exhort the ordinaries of the dioceses and the heads of religious
congregations to use the utmost vigilance over teachers, and first
of all in the seminaries; and should they find any of them imbued
with the errors of the modernists and eager for what is new and
noxious, or lacking in docility to the prescriptions of the
Apostolic See, in whatsoever way published, let them absolutely
forbid the teaching office to such; so, too, let them exclude from
sacred orders those young men who give the very faintest reason
for doubt that they favor condemned doctrines and pernicious
novelties. We exhort them also to take diligent care to put an end
to those books and other writings, now growing exceedingly
numerous, which contain opinions or tendencies of the kind
condemned in the encyclical letters and decree above mentioned;
let them see to it that these publications are removed from
Catholic publishing houses, and especially from the hands of
students and the clergy. By doing this they will at the same time
be promoting real and solid education, which should always be a
subject of the greatest solicitude for those who exercise sacred
authority." (Pope St. Pius X, "Praestantia Scripturae",
1907 A.D.)
"The
seminary is and should be the apple of your eye, Venerable
Brethren, who share with Us the heavy weight of the government of
the Church; it is, and should be, the chief object of your
solicitude. Careful above all should be the choice of superiors
and professors; and, in a most special manner, of the spiritual
father, who has so delicate and so important a part in the nurture
of the priestly spirit. Give the best of your clergy to your
seminaries; do not fear to take them from other positions. These
positions may seem of greater moment, but in reality their
importance is not to be compared with that of the seminaries,
which is capital and indispensable. Seek also from elsewhere,
wherever you can find them, men really fitted for this noble task.
Let them be such as teach priestly virtues, rather by example than
by words, men who are capable of imparting, together with
learning, a solid, manly and apostolic spirit. Make piety, purity,
discipline and study flourish in the seminary. With prudent
foresight, arm and fortify the immature minds of students both
against the temptations of the present, and against the far more
serious perils of the future. For they will be exposed to all the
temptations of the world, in the midst of which they must live,
'that they save all.'" (Pope Pius XI, "Ad Catholici
Sacerdotii", 1935 A.D.)
"Before
concluding, we turn Our thoughts and Our words, with very special
tenderness to you who are still in your studies for the
priesthood; and urge you from the depth of Our heart to prepare
yourselves with all seriousness for the great task to which God
calls you. You are the hope of the Church and of the people, who
look for so much, or rather everything, to you. For to you they
look for that living and life-giving knowledge of God and of Jesus
Christ, in which is eternal life. In piety, purity, humility,
obedience, discipline and study strive then to make yourselves
priests after the Heart of God. We assure you that in the task of
fitting yourselves for the priesthood by solid virtue and
learning, no care, no diligence, no energy can be too great;
because upon it so largely depend all your future apostolic
labors. See to it that on the day of your ordination to the
priesthood, the Church find you in fact such as she wishes you to
be, that is 'replenished with heavenly wisdom, irreproachable in
life and established in the ways of grace,' so that 'the sweet
odor of your life may be a delight to the Church of Christ, that
both by word and good example you may build the house, that is,
the family of God.' Only thus can you continue the glorious
traditions of the Catholic priesthood and hasten that most
auspicious hour when it will be given to all humanity to enjoy the
fruits of the peace of Christ in the kingdom of Christ."
(Pope Pius XI, "Ad Catholici Sacerdotii", 1935 A.D.)
"Young
candidates for the priesthood should be convinced that they cannot
follow their difficult way without a special type of asceticism
proper to themselves and more demanding than that which is
required of the other faithful. It will be a demanding asceticism
but not a suffocating one which consists in the deliberate and
assiduous practice of those virtues which make a man a priest:
self-denial in the highest degree - an essential condition if one
would follow Christ; humility and obedience as expressions of
internal truth and of an ordered liberty; prudence, justice,
courage and temperance - virtues without which it is impossible
for true and profound religious life to exist; a sense of
responsibility, fidelity and loyalty in the acceptance of one's
obligations; a balance between contemplation and action;
detachment and a spirit of poverty, which will give tone and vigor
to evangelical freedom; chastity, the result of a persevering
struggle, harmonized with all the other natural and supernatural
virtues; a serene and secure contact with the world to whose
service the young man will dedicate himself for Christ and for His
kingdom. In such a way the aspirant to the priesthood will
acquire, with the help of a divine grace, a strong, mature and
balanced personality, a combination of inherited and acquired
qualities, harmony of all his powers in the light of the faith and
in intimate union with Christ, whom he has chosen for himself and
for the ministry of salvation to the world." (Pope Paul VI,
1967)
"This
being so, Venerable Brethren, of what nature and magnitude is the
care that must be taken by you in forming the clergy to holiness!
All other tasks must yield to this one. Wherefore the chief part
of your diligence will be directed to governing and ordering your
seminaries aright so that they may flourish equally in the
soundness of their teaching and in the spotlessness of their
morals. Regard your seminary as the delight of your hearts, and
neglect on its behalf none of those provisions which the Council
of Trent has with admirable forethought prescribed. And when the
time comes for promoting the youthful candidates to holy orders,
ah! do not forget what Paul wrote to Timothy: 'Impose not hands
lightly upon any man' (I. Tim. v., 22), bearing carefully in mind
that as a general rule the faithful will be such as are those whom
you call to the priesthood. Do not then pay heed to private
interests of any kind, but have at heart only God and the Church
and the eternal welfare of souls so that, as the Apostle
admonishes, 'you may not be partakers of the sins of others'
(Ibid.). Then again be not lacking in solicitude for young priests
who have just left the seminary. From the bottom of Our heart, We
urge you to bring them often close to your breast, which should
burn with celestial fire - kindle them, inflame them, so that they
may aspire solely after God and the salvation of souls. Rest
assured, Venerable Brethren, that We on Our side will use the
greatest diligence to prevent the members of the clergy from being
drawn to the snares of a certain new and fallacious science, which
savoureth not of Christ, but with masked and cunning arguments
strives to open the door to the errors of rationalism and
semi-rationalism; against which the Apostle warned Timothy to be
on his guard, when he wrote: 'Keep that which is committed to thy
trust, avoiding the profane novelties of words, and oppositions of
knowledge falsely so called which some promising have erred
concerning the faith' (I. Tim. vi., 20 s.). This does not prevent
Us from esteeming worthy of praise those young priests who
dedicated themselves to useful studies in every branch of learning
the better to prepare themselves to defend the truth and to refute
the calumnies of the enemies of the faith. Yet We cannot conceal,
nay, We proclaim in the most open manner possible that Our
preference is, and ever will be, for those who, while cultivating
ecclesiastical and literary erudition, dedicate themselves more
closely to the welfare of souls through the exercise of those
ministries proper to a priest jealous of the divine glory. 'It is
a great grief and a continual sorrow to our heart' (Rom. ix., 2)
to find Jeremiah's lamentation applicable to our times: 'The
little ones asked for bread, and there was none to break it to
them' (Lam. iv., 4). For there are not lacking among the clergy
those who adapt themselves according to their bent to works of
more apparent than real solidity - but not so numerous perhaps are
those who, after the example of Christ, take to themselves the
words of the Prophet: 'The Spirit of the Lord hath anointed me,
hath sent me to evangelize the poor, to heal the contrite of
heart, to announce freedom to the captive, and sight to the blind'
(Luke iv., 18-19)." (Pope St. Pius X, "E Supremi", 1903 A.D.)
Also
See: The
Calling to Religious Life | Fostering
Vocations [Pg.] | Candidates
| Priests
/ Priesthood [Pg.] | Praise
/ Rewards / Benefits | Duties
& Responsibilities of Priests | Catechetical
Instruction |
Are
You Called to Religious Life? | Religious
/ Religious Life / Religious Institutes | Religious
Institutes For Men | Top
Reasons Why Women Can't Be Priests
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