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Birth Control /
Contracep-
tion
Also See:
Contraception (Topic Page)
Warning:
Some language used herein may be graphic in nature.
Note:
Items herein may relate directly or indirectly to the Church's
position against artificial birth control / contraception.
Looking for 'Natural Family Planning' ('NFP') Info?
Try Here for Contraception / 'NFP' Topic Page
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"Then
Judah said to Onan, 'Unite with your brother's widow, in fulfillment
of your duty as brother-in-law, and thus preserve your brother's
line.' Onan, however, knew that the descendants would not be counted
as his; so whenever he had relations with his brother's widow, he
wasted his seed on the ground, to avoid contributing offspring for
his brother. What he did greatly offended the LORD, and the LORD
took his life too." (Gen. 38:8-10)
"And whoever receives one child such as this in my name receives
me." (Our Lord Jesus Christ, Mt.
18:5)
"See that you do not despise one of these little ones,
for I say to you that their angels in heaven always look upon the
face of my heavenly Father." (Our Lord Jesus Christ, Mt. 18:10)
"And
[Jesus] took a child, and set him in the midst of them: and when he had
taken him in his arms, he said to them, Whoever shall receive one of
such children in my name, receives me: and whoever shall receive me,
receives not me, but him that sent me." (Mk. 9:36-37)
"For
since the bringing of children into the world is the principal end of
marriage, to do anything in order to prevent the accomplishment of this
end is always a mortal sin." (St. Francis de Sales, Doctor of the
Church)
Error CONDEMNED by
Pope Innocent XI: "The act of marriage exercised for pleasure only is entirely free
of all fault and venial defect." (This proposition was condemned by
Pope Innocent XI, 1679 A.D.)
"Only
a person of very small faith could believe that so great a God doesn't
have the power to give food to those who serve Him." (St.
Teresa of Avila, Doctor of the Church)
"The
two dimensions of conjugal union, the unitive and the procreative,
cannot be artificially separated without damaging the deepest truth of
the conjugal act itself." (Pontifical Council for the Family)
"When
a couple refuses to collaborate with God to transmit the gift of life,
they have great difficulty in finding in themselves the resources to
sustain mutual understanding." (Pope John Paul II)
"Even
with a lawful wife, the marriage act is unlawful and shameful if the
conception of offspring is prevented. That is what Onan, the son of Juda,
did and on that account God put him to death." (St. Augustine,
Doctor of the Church)
"As a gift and a commitment, children are
[a parent's] most
important task...Children are more important than work,
entertainment and social position." (Pontifical Council
for the Family)
"In
the presence of the people, my Redeemer and Savior embraced children and
blessed them, in order to show how pleasing to him are the purity and
innocence of that age. Truly is he worthy of all praise, who loves to be
surrounded by innocent little ones." (St. Ephrem)
"Nonetheless
the Church, calling men back to the observance of the norms of the
natural law, as interpreted by their constant doctrine, teaches that
each and every marriage act (quilibet matrimonii usus) must remain open
to the transmission of life." (Pope Paul VI)
"[A]ny
use whatsoever of matrimony exercised in such a way that the act is
deliberately frustrated in its natural power to generate life is an
offense against the law of God and of nature, and those who indulge in
such are branded with the guilt of a grave sin." (Pope
Pius XI, "Casti Connubii")
"To
take away the natural and primeval right of marriage, or in any way to
circumscribe the chief purpose of marriage established in the beginning
by the authority of God, Increase and multiply' [Gen. 1:28], is not
within the power of any law of man." (Pope Leo XIII)
"But
if it sometimes happens that married people should be oppressed with the
number of their children, whom, through poverty, they cannot easily
support, there is a remedy pleasing to God. And this is for the couple,
by mutual consent, to separate from the marriage-bed and spend their
days in prayer and fasting." (St. Robert Bellarmine, Doctor of the
Church)
"And
finally this love is fecund for it is not exhausted by the communion
between husband and wife, but is destined to continue, raising up new
lives. 'Marriage and conjugal love are by their nature ordained toward
the begetting and educating of children. Children are really the supreme
gift of marriage and contribute very substantially to the welfare of
their parents.'" (Pope Paul VI)
"Nuptial commerce, which is so holy, just and commendable
in itself, and so profitable to the commonwealth, is, nevertheless, in
certain cases dangerous to those that exercise it, as when the order
appointed for the procreation of children is violated and perverted; in
which case, according as one departs more or less from it, the sins are
more or less abominable, but always mortal." (St. Francis de Sales,
Doctor of the Church)
"[R]ejection
of human life, in whatever form that rejection takes, is really a
rejection of Christ. This is the fascinating but also demanding truth
which Christ reveals to us and which his Church continues untiringly to
proclaim: 'Whoever receives one such child in my name receives me' (Mt
18:5); 'Truly, I say to you, as you did it to one of the least of these
my brethren, you did it to me' (Mt 25:40)." (Pope John Paul II,
1995)
"No
one can deny that the first example and the greatest help that parents
can give their children is their generosity in accepting life, without
forgetting that this is how parents help their children to have a
simpler lifestyle. Moreover, '...it is certainly less serious to deny
their children certain comforts or material advantages than to deprive
them of the presence of brothers and sisters, who could help them to
grow in humanity and to realize the beauty of life at all its ages and
in all its variety' (Pope John Paul II)." (Pontifical Council for
the Family)
"It
must never be forgotten that the disordered use of sex tends
progressively to destroy the person's capacity to love by making
pleasure, instead of sincere self-giving, the end of sexuality and by
reducing other persons to objects of one's own gratification. In this
way the meaning of true love between a [married man and woman] (love always open
to life) is weakened as well as the family itself. Moreover, this
subsequently leads to disdain for the human life which could be
conceived, which, in some situations, is then regarded as an evil that
threatens personal pleasure." (Pontifical Council for the
Family)
"Heinous
is the sin committed against the creative act of God, Who through
the marriage contract invites man and woman to cooperate with Him in
the propagation of the human family. To take life after its
inception is a horrible crime; but to prevent human life that the
Creator is about to bring into being, is satanic. In the first
instance, the body is killed, while the soul lives on; in the
latter, not only a body but an immortal soul is denied existence in
time and in eternity. It has been reserved to our day to see
advocated shamelessly the legalizing of such a diabolical
thing." {Archbishop Hayes}
"As
the domestic church, the family is summoned to proclaim, celebrate and
serve the Gospel of life. This is a responsibility which first concerns
married couples, called to be givers of life, on the basis of an ever
greater awareness of the meaning of procreation as a unique event which
clearly reveals that human life is a gift received in order then to be
given as a gift. In giving origin to a new life, parents recognize that
the child, 'as the fruit of their mutual gift of love, is, in turn, a
gift for both of them, a gift which flows from them'." (Pope John
Paul II, 1995)
"The
responsible exercise of parenthood implies, therefore, that husband and
wife recognize fully their own duties towards God, towards themselves,
towards the family and towards society, in a correct hierarchy of
values. In the task of transmitting life, therefore, they are not free
to proceed completely at will, as if they could determine in a wholly
autonomous way the honest path to follow; but they must conform their
activity to the creative intention of God, expressed in the very nature
of marriage and of its acts, and manifested by the constant teaching of
the Church." (Pope Paul VI)
"Likewise,
if they consider the matter, they must admit that an act of mutual love,
which is detrimental to the faculty of propagating life, which God the
Creator of all, has implanted in it according to special laws, is in
contradiction to both the divine plan, according to whose norm matrimony
has been instituted, and the will of the Author of human life. To use
this divine gift destroying, even if only partially, its meaning and its
purpose is to contradict the nature both of man and of woman and of
their most intimate relationship, and therefore it is to contradict also
the plan of God and His will." (Pope Paul VI)
"The
revealing sign of authentic married love is openness to life: 'In its
most profound reality, love is essentially a gift; and conjugal love,
while leading the spouses to the reciprocal 'knowledge'.... does not end
with the couple, because it makes them capable of the greatest possible
gift, the gift by which they become cooperators with God for giving life
to a new human person. Thus the couple, while giving themselves to one
another, give not just themselves but also the reality of children, who
are a living reflection of their love, a permanent sign of conjugal
unity and a living and inseparable synthesis of their being a father and
a mother.'" (Pontifical Council for the Family)
"We
do not at all intend to hide the sometimes serious difficulties inherent
in the life of Christian married persons; for them as for everyone else,
'the gate is narrow and the way is hard, that leads to life.' But the
hope of that life must illuminate their way, as with courage they strive
to live with wisdom, justice and piety in this present time, knowing
that the figure of this world passes away. Let married couples, then,
face up to the efforts needed, supported by the faith and hope which 'do
not disappoint … because God's love has been poured into our hearts
through the Holy Spirit, who has been given to Us'; let them implore
divine assistance by persevering prayer; above all, let them draw from
the source of grace and charity in the Eucharist." (Pope Paul VI)
"Since,
therefore, openly departing from the uninterrupted Christian tradition
some recently have judged it possible solemnly to declare another
doctrine regarding this question, the Catholic Church, to whom God has
entrusted the defense of the integrity and purity of morals, standing
erect in the midst of the moral ruin which surrounds her, in order that
she may preserve the chastity of the nuptial union from being defiled by
this foul stain, raises her voice in token of her divine ambassadorship
and through Our mouth proclaims anew: any use whatsoever of matrimony
exercised in such a way that the act is deliberately frustrated in its
natural power to generate life is an offense against the law of God and
of nature, and those who indulge in such are branded with the guilt of a
grave sin." (Pope Pius XI, "Casti Connubii", 1930 A.D.)
"The
Pharaoh of old, haunted by the presence and increase of the children of
Israel, submitted them to every kind of oppression and ordered that
every male child born of the Hebrew women was to be killed (cf. Ex
1:7-22). Today not a few of the powerful of the earth act in the same
way. They too are haunted by the current demographic growth, and fear
that the most prolific and poorest peoples represent a threat for the
well-being and peace of their own countries. Consequently, rather than
wishing to face and solve these serious problems with respect for the
dignity of individuals and families and for every person's inviolable
right to life, they prefer to promote and impose by whatever means a
massive program of birth control. Even the economic help which they
would be ready to give is unjustly made conditional on the acceptance of
an anti-birth policy." (Pope John Paul II, 1995)
"[Birth
control is a] misnomer for the practice of carrying out [the marital
act] within or without marriage in such a way as to prevent conception.
The church condemns such practices as gravely contrary to the natural
law. She sanctions only such true control as may be procured by
abstinence...Artificial birth control is contrary to the natural law
because it is a frustration of the proper end of the [marital act],
which is procreation. Physical expression or consummation of love, the
sealing and increase of affection by the mutual
enjoyment of one of another, are also objects of the act, but only
proximate objects. To pursue such is good; but at the same time
deliberately to avoid the ultimate end of the act, for the due
attainment of which the proximate objects were ordained as a means, is
unnatural, contrary to right reason, conduct unbecoming rational beings,
and so morally wrong." (Catholic Dictionary)
"We
are deeply touched by the sufferings of those parents who, in extreme
want, experience great difficulty in rearing their children. However,
they should take care lest the calamitous state of their external
affairs should be the occasion for a much more calamitous error. No
difficulty can arise that justifies the putting aside of the law of God
which forbids all acts intrinsically evil. There is no possible
circumstance in which husband and wife cannot, strengthened by the grace
of God, fulfill faithfully their duties and preserve in wedlock their
chastity unspotted. This truth of Christian Faith is expressed by the
teaching of the Council of Trent. 'Let no one be so rash as to assert
that which the Fathers of the Council have placed under anathema,
namely, that there are precepts of God impossible for the just to
observe. God does not ask the impossible, but by His commands, instructs
you to do what you are able, to pray for what you are not able that He
may help you.'" (Pope Pius XI, "Casti Connubii", 1930
A.D.)
"Our
Encyclical 'Humanae vitae' has caused many reactions. But as far as We
recall, the Pope has never received so many spontaneous messages of
gratitude and approval for the publication of a document as on this
occasion. And these messages have poured in from every part of the world
and from every class of people. We mention this to express Our cordial
thanks to all those who have welcomed Our Encyclical Letter and assured
Us of their support. May the Lord bless them. We know, of course, that
there are many who have not appreciated Our teaching, and not a few have
opposed it. We can, in a sense, understand their lack of comprehension
and even their opposition. Our decision is not an easy one. It is not in
line with a practice unfortunately widespread today which is regarded as
convenient and, on the surface, helpful to family harmony and love. Once
again We would remind you that the ruling We have reaffirmed is not Our
own. It originates from the very structure of life and love and human
dignity, and is thus derived from the law of God." (Pope Paul VI)
"To dominate instinct by means of one's reason and free
will undoubtedly requires ascetical practices, so that the affective
manifestations of conjugal life may observe the correct order, in
particular with regard to the observance of periodic continence. Yet
this discipline which is proper to the purity of married couples, far
from harming conjugal love, rather confers on it a higher human value.
It demands continual effort yet, thanks to its beneficent influence,
husband and wife fully develop their personalities, being enriched with
spiritual values. Such discipline bestows upon family life fruits of
serenity and peace, and facilitates the solution of other problems; it
favors attention for one's partner, helps both parties to drive out
selfishness, the enemy of true love; and deepens their sense of
responsibility. By its means, parents acquire the capacity of having a
deeper and more efficacious influence in the education of their
offspring; little children and youths grow up with a just appraisal of
human values, and in the serene and harmonious development of their
spiritual and sensitive faculties." (Pope Paul VI)
"Through this remote formation for chastity in the
family, adolescents and young people learn to live sexuality in its
personal dimension, rejecting any kind of separation of sexuality from
love - understood as self-giving - and any separation of the love
between husband and wife from the family. Parental respect for life and
the mystery of procreation will spare the child or young person from the
false idea that the two dimensions of the conjugal act, unitive and
procreative, can be separated at will. Thus the family comes to be
recognized as an inseparable part of the vocation to marriage. A
Christian education for chastity within the family cannot remain silent
about the moral gravity involved in separating the unitive dimension
from the procreative dimension within married life. This happens above
all in contraception and artificial procreation. In the first case, one
intends to seek [carnal] pleasure, intervening in the conjugal act to
avoid conception; in the second case conception is sought by
substituting the conjugal act with a technique. These are actions
contrary to the truth of married love and contrary to full communion
between husband and wife." (Pontifical Council for the Family)
"It
can be foreseen that this teaching will perhaps not be easily received
by all: Too numerous are those voices - amplified by the modern means of
propaganda - which are contrary to the voice of the Church. To tell the
truth, the Church is not surprised to be made, like her divine Founder,
a 'sign of contradiction', yet she does not because of this cease to
proclaim with humble firmness the entire moral law, both natural and
evangelical. Of such laws the Church was not the author, nor
consequently can she be their arbiter; she is only their depositary and
their interpreter, without ever being able to declare to be licit that
which is not so by reason of its intimate and unchangeable opposition to
the true good of man. In defending conjugal morals in their integral
wholeness, the Church knows that she contributes towards the
establishment of a truly human civilization; she engages man not to
abdicate from his own responsibility in order to rely on technical
means; by that very fact she defends the dignity of man and wife.
Faithful to both the teaching and the example of the Savior, she shows
herself to be the sincere and disinterested friend of men, whom she
wishes to help, even during their earthly sojourn, 'to share as sons in
the life of the living God, the Father of all men.'" (Pope Paul VI)
"First
consideration is due to the offspring, which many have the boldness to
call the disagreeable burden of matrimony and which they say is to be
carefully avoided by married people not through virtuous continence
(which Christian law permits in matrimony when both parties consent) but
by frustrating the marriage act. Some justify this criminal abuse on the
ground that they are weary of children and wish to gratify their desires
without their consequent burden. Others say that they cannot on the one
hand remain continent nor on the other can they have children because of
the difficulties whether on the part of the mother or on the part of
family circumstances. But no reason, however grave, may be put forward
by which anything intrinsically against nature may become conformable to
nature and morally good. Since, therefore, the conjugal act is destined
primarily by nature for the begetting of children, those who in
exercising it deliberately frustrate its natural power and purpose sin
against nature and commit a deed which is shameful and intrinsically
vicious. Small wonder, therefore, if Holy Writ bears witness that the
Divine Majesty regards with greatest detestation this horrible crime and
at times has punished it with death. As St. Augustine notes,
'Intercourse even with one's legitimate wife is unlawful and wicked
where the conception of the offspring is prevented. Onan, the son of
Juda, did this and the Lord killed him for it.'" (Pope Pius XI,
"Casti Connubii", 1930 A.D.)
"Christian revelation presents the two vocations to
love: marriage and virginity. In some societies today, not only
marriage and the family, but also vocations to the priesthood and
the religious life, are often in a state of crisis. The two
situations are inseparable: 'When marriage is not esteemed,
neither can consecrated virginity or celibacy exist; when human
sexuality is not regarded as a great value given by the Creator,
the renunciation of it for the sake of the kingdom of heaven loses
its meaning.' A lack of vocations follows from the breakdown of
the family, yet where parents are generous in welcoming life,
children will be more likely to be generous when it comes to the
question of offering themselves to God: 'Families must once again
express a generous love for life and place themselves at its
service above all by accepting the children which the Lord wants
to give them with a sense of responsibility not detached from
peaceful trust', and they may bring this acceptance to fulfillment
not only 'through a continuing educational effort but also through
an obligatory commitment, at times perhaps neglected, to help
teenagers especially and young people to accept the vocational
dimension of every living being, within God's plan.... Human life
acquires fullness when it becomes a self-gift: a gift which can
express itself in matrimony, in consecrated virginity, in
self-dedication to one's neighbor towards an ideal, or in the
choice of priestly ministry.'" (Pontifical Council for the Family)
"Certain
publications concerning the purposes of matrimony, and their
interrelationship and order, have come forth within these last years
which either assert that the primary purpose of matrimony is not the
generation of offspring, or that the secondary purposes are not
subordinate to the primary purpose, but are independent of it. In these
works different primary purposes of marriage are designated by other
writers, as for example: the complement and personal perfection of the
spouses through a complete mutual participation in life and action;
mutual love and union of spouses to be nurtured and perfected by the
psychic and bodily surrender of one's own person; and many other such
things. In the same writings a sense is sometimes attributed to words in
the current documents of the Church (as for example, primary, secondary
purpose), which does not agree with these words according to the common
usage by theologians. This revolutionary way of thinking and speaking
aims to foster errors and uncertainties, to avoid which the Most Eminent
and Very Reverend Fathers of this supreme Sacred Congregation, charged
with the guarding of matters of faith and morals, in a plenary session,
on Wednesday, the 28th of March, 1944, when the question was proposed to
them 'Whether the opinion of certain recent persons can be admitted, who
either deny that the primary purpose of matrimony is the generation and
raising of offspring, or teach that the secondary purposes are not
essentially subordinate to the primary purpose, but are equally first
and independent,' have decreed that the answer must be: In the
negative." (Pope Pius XII, Decree of the Holy Office, April 1, 1944
A.D.)
"In
the Old Testament, sterility is dreaded as a curse, while numerous
offspring are viewed as a blessing: 'Sons are a heritage from the Lord,
the fruit of the womb a reward' (Ps 127:3; cf. Ps 128:3-4). This belief
is also based on Israel's awareness of being the people of the Covenant,
called to increase in accordance with the promise made to Abraham: 'Look
towards heaven, and number the stars, if you are able to number them ...
so shall your descendants be' (Gen 15:5). But more than anything else,
at work here is the certainty that the life which parents transmit has
its origins in God. We see this attested in the many biblical passages
which respectfully and lovingly speak of conception, of the forming of
life in the mother's womb, of giving birth and of the intimate
connection between the initial moment of life and the action of God the
Creator. 'Before I formed you in the womb I knew you, and before you
were born I consecrated you' (Jer. 1:5): the life of every individual,
from its very beginning, is part of God's plan. Job, from the depth of
his pain, stops to contemplate the work of God who miraculously formed
his body in his mother's womb. Here he finds reason for trust, and he
expresses his belief that there is a divine plan for his life: 'You have
fashioned and made me; will you then turn and destroy me? Remember that
you have made me of clay; and will you turn me to dust again? Did you
not pour me out like milk and curdle me like cheese? You clothed me with
skin and flesh, and knit me together with bones and sinews. You have
granted me life and steadfast love; and your care has preserved my
spirit' (Job 10:8-12). Expressions of awe and wonder at God's
intervention in the life of a child in its mother's womb occur again and
again in the Psalms." (Pope John Paul II, 1995)
"Upright
men can even better convince themselves of the solid grounds on which
the teaching of the Church in this field is based, if they care to
reflect upon the consequences of methods of artificial birth control.
Let them consider, first of all, how wide and easy a road would thus be
opened up towards conjugal infidelity and the general lowering of
morality. Not much experience is needed in order to know human weakness,
and to understand that men - especially the young, who are so vulnerable
on this point - have need of encouragement to be faithful to the moral
law, so that they must not be offered some easy means of eluding its
observance. It is also to be feared that the man, growing used to the
employment of anti-conceptive practices, may finally lose respect for
the woman and, no longer caring for her physical and psychological
equilibrium, may come to the point of considering her as a mere
instrument of selfish enjoyment, and no longer as his respected and
beloved companion. Let it be considered also that a dangerous weapon
would thus be placed in the hands of those public authorities who take
no heed of moral exigencies. Who could blame a government for applying
to the solution of the problems of the community those means
acknowledged to be licit for married couples in the solution of a family
problem? Who will stop rulers from favoring, from even imposing upon
their peoples, if they were to consider it necessary, the method of
contraception which they judge to be most efficacious? In such a way
men, wishing to avoid individual, family, or social difficulties
encountered in the observance of the divine law, would reach the point
of placing at the mercy of the intervention of public authorities the
most personal and most reserved sector of conjugal intimacy." (Pope
Paul VI)
"[W]e
must once again declare that the direct interruption of the generative
process already begun, and, above all, directly willed and procured
abortion, even if for therapeutic reasons, are to be absolutely excluded
as licit means of regulating birth. Equally to be excluded, as the
teaching authority of the Church has frequently declared, is direct
sterilization, whether perpetual or temporary, whether of the man or of
the woman. Similarly excluded is every action which, either in
anticipation of the conjugal act, or in its accomplishment, or in the
development of its natural consequences, proposes, whether as an end or
as a means, to render procreation impossible. To justify conjugal acts
made intentionally infecund, one cannot invoke as valid reasons the
lesser evil, or the fact that such acts would constitute a whole
together with the fecund acts already performed or to follow later, and
hence would share in one and the same moral goodness. In truth, if it is
sometimes licit to tolerate a lesser evil in order to avoid a greater
evil or to promote a greater good, it is not licit, even for the gravest
reasons, to do evil so that good may follow therefrom; that is, to make
into the object of a positive act of the will something which is
intrinsically disorder, and hence unworthy of the human person, even
when the intention is to safeguard or promote individual, family or
social well-being. Consequently it is an error to think that a conjugal
act which is deliberately made infecund and so is intrinsically
dishonest could be made honest and right by the ensemble of a fecund
conjugal life." (Pope Paul VI)
"In
order to facilitate the spread of abortion, enormous sums of money have
been invested and continue to be invested in the production of
pharmaceutical products which make it possible to kill the fetus in the
mother's womb without recourse to medical assistance. On this point,
scientific research itself seems to be almost exclusively preoccupied
with developing products which are ever more simple and effective in
suppressing life and which at the same time are capable of removing
abortion from any kind of control or social responsibility. It is
frequently asserted that contraception, if made safe and available to
all, is the most effective remedy against abortion. The Catholic Church
is then accused of actually promoting abortion, because she obstinately
continues to teach the moral unlawfulness of contraception. When looked
at carefully, this objection is clearly unfounded. It may be that many
people use contraception with a view to excluding the subsequent
temptation of abortion. But the negative values inherent in the
'contraceptive mentality' - which is very different from responsible
parenthood, lived in respect for the full truth of the conjugal act -
are such that they in fact strengthen this temptation when an unwanted
life is conceived. Indeed, the pro-abortion culture is especially strong
precisely where the Church's teaching on contraception is rejected.
Certainly, from the moral point of view contraception and abortion are
specifically different evils... But despite their differences...
contraception and abortion are often closely connected, as fruits of the
same tree...The close connection which exists, in mentality, between the
practice of contraception and that of abortion is becoming increasingly
obvious. It is being demonstrated in an alarming way by the development
of chemical products, intrauterine devices and vaccines which... really act as
abortifacients in the very early stages of the development of the life
of the new human being." (Pope John Paul II, 1995)
Also
See: Threat
to Life: Contraception | The
Myth of Overpopulation | Abortion
| Chastity
| Marital
Relations | Marriage
| Marriage,
Family & Home [Pg.] | Family
/ Families | Parents
/ Parenting |
Sterilization
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to this topic, please review all applicable categories. For more
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